A. The art of building or raising all kinds of edifices by rule; as houses, churches, palaces, &c.

Q, How is architecture distinguished?

A. Into three sorts…civil, military and naval.

Q. In what consists civil architecture?

A. In external ornaments and internal conveniences.

Q. What are the orders of civil architecture?

A. They are generally reckoned five; 1. the Tuscan; 2. the Doric; 3. the Ionic; 4. the Corinthian and 5. the Composite. To these may be added the Gothic, Saracenic, and Oriental, all of which styles of building, are still preserved in the construction of churches in Europe and Asia.

Q. Whence are the names of those orders derived?

A. The Tuscan, from the people of Tuscany or Eturia; the Doric from a Greek nation of that name; the Ionic and Corinthian from two other Greek nations: the Composite, from a composition of orders, in which the beauties of both the Ionic and Corinthian are united; the Gothic from the northern nations; the Saracenic from the Saracens or Arabians; the Oriental from the style of the Hindus.

Q. What are the qualifications necessary for a good architect?

A. He ought to understand drawing, mathematics, geometry, perspective, optics, history, fable.

Q. In what consists military architecture, called fortification?

A. In constructing such works as are adapted to defend a town against military assaults, and enable a small number of men within, to withstand for a considerable time, the assaults of a greater number without. A town fortified is called a fortress.

Q. What is naval architecture?

A. The art of constructing vessels, whether for the service of war or commerce.

A. An art, which by determined principles, a good taste, and frequent practice, represents in pictures the likenesses of animated and inanimated things; and which teaches by drawing, and the application of colors, to represent all sorts of sensible objects.

Q. What are the most esteemed paintings?

A. Those representing historical events.

Q. How many modes of painting are there?

A. Five: 1. in oil; 2. in fresco; 3. in water colors; 4. in glass; and 5. in enamel; to which may be added, miniature and pastel. Painting in oil was unknown to the ancients. The art has received the greatest advantage from this discovery.

Q. What are the qualifications of an excellent painter?

A. He ought to understand mathematics and the laws of proportion, the anatomy of all animals and no science should be strange to him; and drawing in its highest perfection.—He ought to have a perfect knowledge of anatomy and geometry. He ought to be conversant in history and other sciences, and to have great judgment and patience: to be sober, and fond of his art.

A. The art of carving or hewing stone or metal into images. Everything that is engraved or worked in relievo, makes a part of this art. Its antiquity appears from many places of the holy scripture…from the idols of Laban, which Rachael carried off, and from the golden calf set up by the Israelites in the desert.